Amphotericin B (Fungizone) Solution
Amphotericin B is an anti-fungal agent produced by Streptomyces. It interferes with the permeability of cell membranes of sensitive fungi and yeast. Amphotericin B forms a complex with cholesterol and causes leakage of low molecular weight substances from the cells. Since it only acts on membranes that contain cholesterol, it has no effect on bacteria.

Spectrum: fungi and yeast
Contains 250 µg/ml amphotericin B in deionized water.
Also contains sodium deoxycholate and sodium phosphate as a solubilizer.
Suggested working concentration: 1-10 ml/L
Stability in media at 37°C: 3 days
Caution: This material is hazardous. Review the Material Safety Data Sheet before handling.

Antibiotic-Antimycotic Solution
This antibiotic mixture contains penicillin, streptomycin and amphotericin B and is effective against the most common forms of cell culture contamination. Penicillin is an anti-bacterial agent produced by Penicillium. It interferes with the final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, the cross-linking of different peptidoglycan strands. Streptomycin is an anti-bacterial agent produced by Streptomyces. It binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome and blocks the initiation complex of protein synthesis. Amphotericin B is an anti-fungal agent produced by Streptomyces. It interferes with the permeability of cell membranes of sensitive fungi and yeast. Amphotericin B forms a complex with cholesterol and causes leakage of low molecular weight substances from the cells.

Spectrum: bacteria, fungi and yeast
Contains 10,000 units/ml penicillin (base)
10,000 µg/ml streptomycin (base)
25 µg/ml amphotericin B
in 0.85% saline
Suggested working concentration: 10 ml/L
Stability in media at 37°C: 3 days
Caution: This material is hazardous. Review the Material Safety Data Sheet before handling.

Gentamycin Solutions
Gentamycin is an anti-bacterial agent produced by Micromonospora. It binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome and blocks the initiation complex of protein synthesis.

Spectrum: gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, mycoplasma
Available as a 10 mg/ml solution and a 50 mg/ml solution of gentamycin sulfate in deionized water.
Suggested working concentration: 5 ml/L (10 mg/ml solution) or 1 ml/L (50 mg/ml solution)
Stability in media at 37°C: 5 days
Caution: This material is hazardous. Review the Material Safety Data Sheet before handling.

Penicillin-Streptomycin Solutions
This antibiotic mixture contains penicillin and streptomycin. Penicillin is an anti-bacterial agent produced by Penicillium. It interferes with the final stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis, the cross-linking of different peptidoglycan strands. Streptomycin is an anti-bacterial agent produced by Streptomyces. It binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome and blocks the initiation complex of protein synthesis.

Spectrum: gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Available in 2 concentrations:
Penicillin-Streptomycin 5/5 solution
5,000 units/ml penicillin (base)
5,000 µg/ml streptomycin (base)
in 0.85% saline
Penicillin-Streptomycin 10/10 solution
10,000 units/ml penicillin (base)
10,000 µg/ml streptomycin (base)
in 0.85% saline
Suggested working concentration: 20 ml/L (Penicillin-Streptomycin 5/5 solution)
10 ml/L (Penicillin-Streptomycin 10/10 solution)
Stability in media at 37°C: 3 days
Caution: This material is hazardous. Review the Material Safety Data Sheet before handling.

L-Glutamine Solution (100X)
L-glutamine is an essential amino acid required as an energy and carbon source by virtually all mammalian and insect cells in culture. L-glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. However, L-glutamine is more labile in solution than other amino acids when stored above freezing. The rate and extent of L-glutamine degradation are dependent on time, storage temperatures and pH. Supplementation of cell culture media with L-glutamine prior to use is frequently required.

Contains 29.2 mg/ml L-glutamine (200mM) in 0.85% saline
Suggested working concentration: 10 ml/L

L-Glutamine
L-glutamine is an essential amino acid required as an energy and carbon source by virtually all mammalian and insect cells in culture. L-glutamine is very stable as a dry powder and as a frozen solution. However, L-glutamine is more labile in solution than other amino acids when stored above freezing. The rate and extent of L-glutamine degradation are dependent on time, storage temperatures and pH. Supplementation of cell culture media with L-glutamine prior to use is frequently required.

GlutaminePlus™ Solutions
Normal L-glutamine has a relatively short half-life in solution, showing a temperature dependent loss of product with time. L-glutamine degrades through an intramolecular cyclization reaction forming as by-products, pyrrolidone carbonic acid and ammonia in equimolar concentrations. The rate of breakdown increases with increasing temperature and in the presence of phosphate or bicarbonate.

Dipeptide derivatives of L-glutamine prevent the intramolecular cyclization reaction associated with solutions of L-glutamine. These derivatives are therefore stable in solution and allow the formulation of cell culture media containing L-glutamine that may be stored at 4°C for extended periods. Solutions containing these derivatives can even be autoclaved without appreciable degradation of the product (30 minutes at 121°C results in <5% loss of the product).

The dipeptide derivatives are metabolized within the cells to yield L-glutamine plus the second amino acid. This results in more consistent delivery of L-glutamine to cells in culture and avoids toxic buildup of ammonia in cell cultures. This feature can be especially important for ammonia sensitive cell lines.

Atlanta Biologicals offers a 200mM (100X) stable L-glutamine substitute solution in 0.85% saline for general cell culture (GlutaminePlus™), and a 200mM (100X) stable L-glutamine substitute solution in 0.85% saline for murine hybridoma culture (GlutaminePlus™/Hybridoma).

GlutaminePlus™ contains 200mM L-alanyl-L-glutamine in 0.85% saline.
GlutaminePlus™/Hybridoma contains 200mM
glycyl-L-glutamine in 0.85% saline.
Suggested working concentration: 10 ml/L

GlutaminePlus™
Normal L-glutamine has a relatively short half-life in solution, showing a temperature dependent loss of product with time. L-glutamine degrades through an intramolecular cyclization reaction forming as by-products, pyrrolidone carbonic acid and ammonia in equimolar concentrations. The rate of breakdown increases with increasing temperature and in the presence of phosphate or bicarbonate.

Dipeptide derivatives of L-glutamine prevent the intramolecular cyclization reaction associated with solutions of L-glutamine. These derivatives are therefore stable in solution and allow the formulation of cell culture media containing L glutamine that may be stored at 4°C for extended periods. Solutions containing these derivatives can even be autoclaved without appreciable degradation of the product (30 minutes at 121°C results in <5% loss of the product).

The dipeptide derivatives are metabolized within the cells to yield L-glutamine plus the second amino acid. This results in more consistent delivery of L-glutamine to cells in culture and avoids toxic buildup of ammonia in cell cultures. This feature can be especially important for ammonia sensitive cell lines.

Atlanta Biologicals offers 2 different stable L-glutamine products in powder form: GlutaminePlus™ (L-alanyl-L-glutamine) is commonly used for general cell culture, and GlutaminePlus™/Hybridoma (glycyl-L-glutamine) is typically used for murine hybridoma culture.

MEM Amino Acids Solution (50X)
Supplementing cells cultures with additional amino acids helps to stimulate cell growth and improves cell viability in cultures where the amino acids are in limiting concentrations. Supplementation with amino acids also reduces the biosynthetic burden on cells in culture. This concentrated supplement contains the standard amino acids found in MEM culture media and is produced without L-glutamine.

MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids Solution (100X)
Supplementing cells cultures with additional amino acids helps to stimulate growth and improves cell viability in cultures where the amino acids are in limiting concentrations. Supplementation with amino acids also reduces the biosynthetic burden on cells in culture. This concentrated supplement contains the standard non-essential amino acids found in MEM culture media, each at a 10mM concentration.

MEM Vitamin Solution (100X)
Supplementing cells cultures with additional vitamins helps to stimulate growth and improves cell viability in cultures where the vitamins are in limiting concentrations. Supplementation with vitamins also reduces the biosynthetic burden on cells in culture. This concentrated supplement contains the standard vitamins found in MEM culture media.

MEM Sodium Pyruvate Solution (100X)
Pyruvate is involved with amino acid metabolism and initiates the Kreb’s cycle. Sodium pyruvate can be used by cells as a readily accessible carbon source for energy production and other critical metabolic pathways, bypassing the need to produce it biosynthetically from glucose or amino acids. Some cell lines require the addition of pyruvate to the culture media since they lack the ability to convert glucose or amino acids into pyruvate. This concentrate of sodium pyruvate is supplied as a 100mM solution and, once diluted in medium, supplies the amount of pyruvate found in MEM culture media.